St. Margaret of Scotland, or Margaret of
Wessex, was an English princess born in Hungary to Princess Agatha of Hungary
and English Prince Edward the Exile around 1045. Her siblings, Cristina and
Edgar the Atheling were also born in Hungary around this time.
Margaret and her family returned to
England when she was 10-years-old and her father was called back as a potential
successor to the throne. However, Edward died immediately after the family
arrived, but Margaret and Edgar continued to reside at the English court.
Margaret's family fled from William the
Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Her widowed
mother set out to take her children north to Northumbria.
Tradition says, Agatha decided to leave
Northumbria and return to the continent, but her family's ship got caught in a
storm. The storm drove their ship even more north to Scotland, where they were
shipwrecked in 1068. The spot they landed on is now known as "St.
Margaret's Hope."
Malcolm Canmore III, the king of
Scotland, welcomed Margaret and her family and put them under his protection.
He soon fell deeply in love with the beautiful and kind princess. Margaret and
Malcolm became married in 1070 at the castle of Dunfermline.
Together, they had eight children, six
sons and two daughters. All of whom were raised with deep Catholic Christian
faith. They lived as a holy family, a domestic church.
Margaret's kind-nature and good heart was
a strong influence on Malcolm's reign. She softened his temper and helped him
become a virtuous King of Scotland. Together they prayed, fed the hungry, and
offered a powerful example of living faith in action. Margaret was placed in
charge of all domestic affairs and was often consulted with state matters, as
well.
She promoted the arts and education in
Scotland. She encouraged Church synods and was involved in efforts to correct
the religious abuses involving Bishops, priests and laypeople.
Her impact in Scotland led her to being
referred to as, "The Pearl of Scotland."
She constantly worked to aid the poor
Scotland. She encouraged people to live a devout life, grow in prayer, and grow
in holiness. She helped to build churches, including the Abbey of Dunfermline,
where a relic of the true Cross is kept. She was well-known for her deep life of
prayer and piety. She set aside specific times for prayer and to read
Scripture. She didn't eat often and slept very little so she would have more
time for her devotions. She lived holiness of life as a wife, mother and lay
woman; truly in love with Jesus Christ.
Malcolm supported Margaret in all her
endeavors and admired her religious devotion so much he had her books decorated
in jewels, gold and silver. One of these decorated books, a gospel book with
portraits of the four evangelists, is now kept in Oxford at the Bodleian
Library after it was miraculously recovered from a river.
In 1093, Malcolm and their oldest son
were killed during the Battle of Alnwick. Already ill and worn from a life full
of austerity and fasting, Margaret passed away four days after her husband, on
November 16, 1093.
Her body was buried before the high alter
at Dunfermline.
In 1250, Pope Innocent IV canonized
Margaret as a Saint, acknowlegeing her life of holiness and extraordinary
virtue. She was honored for her work for reform of the Church and her personal
holiness.
In 1259, Margaret's and Malcolm's bodies
were transferred to a chapel in the eastern apse of Dunfermline Abbey. In 1560,
Mary Queen of Scots came into possession of Margaret's head. It was kept as a
relic. She insisted that it, and Margaret's prayers from heaven, helped assist
her in childbirth. Her head later ended up with the Jesuits at the Scots'
College, Douai, France, but was lost during the French Revolution.
St. Margaret is a patron saint of
Scotland (along with St Andrew) and her feast day is celebrated on November 16.
How Margaret ended up in Scotland is
described in this BBC article from 2016: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36701131
